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HMS Monmouth (1901)
HMS ''Monmouth'' was the lead ship of her class of 10 armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion in 1903. She was transferred to the China Station in 1906, and remained there until she returned home in 1913 and was assigned to the reserve Third Fleet. When World War I began in August 1914, the ship was recommissioned and assigned to the 5th Cruiser Squadron in the Central Atlantic to search for German commerce raiders and protect Allied shipping. She was detached upon arrival to patrol the Brazilian coast for German ships, and was later ordered to the South Atlantic to join Rear Admiral Christopher Cradock's squadron in their search for the German East Asia Squadron. He found the German squadron on 1 November off the coast of Chile. The German squadron outnumbered Cradock's force and were individually more powerful; they sank Cradock's two armoured cruisers in the Battle of Coronel. ''Monmouth'' was lost with all hands.
==Design and description==
''Monmouth'' was designed to displace . The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a deep draught of . She was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of designed to give a maximum speed of . ''Monmouth'', however, was one of three of the ''Monmouth''s that failed to meet her designed speed. The engines were powered by 31 Belleville boilers.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 70〕 She carried a maximum of of coal and her complement consisted of 678 officers and enlisted men.〔Friedman 2012, p. 336〕
Her main armament consisted of fourteen breech-loading (BL) 6-inch Mk VII guns.〔Friedman 2011, p. 81〕 Four of these guns were mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others positioned in casemates amidships. Six of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.〔Friedman 2012, pp. 251–52, 260–61〕 They had a maximum range of approximately with their shells.〔Friedman 2011, pp. 80–81〕 Ten quick-firing (QF) 12-pounder 12 cwt guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats.〔 ''Monmouth'' also carried three 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and two submerged 18-inch torpedo tubes.〔
The ship's waterline armour belt had a maximum thickness of and was closed off by transverse bulkheads. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was four inches thick while the casemate armour was five inches thick. The protective deck armour ranged in thickness from and the conning tower was protected by of armour.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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